BIBLIOGRAPHY

Possible Sources I will access

• CNU (Congress for the New Urbanism): "Building Local Strength: Emerging Strategies for Inclusive Development “May 2019. /www.cnu.org/

Abstract: This report from members of the CNU help create vibrant and walkable cities, towns, and
neighborhoods where people have diverse choices for how they live, work, shop, and get around.
People want to live in well-designed places that are unique and authentic. CNU’s mission is to help
people build those places. The report has examples of eight American cities that used different tools to
achieve local strength in their neighborhoods.
CNU is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization headquartered in Washington, D.C

• Bracy, Carl, Steve Mitchell, Julius Pegues, Roy Peters, Nancy Roberts, O C Walker, Jot Hartley, et al.
“KENDALL-WHITTIER SECTOR PLAN, City of Tulsa, Tulsa Development Authority” Houseal Lavigne Associates. November 2016
Abstract: The Kendall-Whittier Sector Plan is an update to a previous Sector Plan. A Sector Plan is a report approved by the Tulsa City Council that establishes how citizens would like land to be developed in the future. This designation as a Sector Plan allows the City and various partners to utilize policies, strategies, and funding sources to implement the vision it articulates.

• Koohsari, Mohammad Javad, and Oka, Koichiro. Walkable Neighborhoods: “The Link between
Public Health, Urban Design, and Transportation” MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing
Institute, 2020.
Abstract: There is a growing recognition of the role of built environment attributes, such as streets, shops, greenways, parks, and public transportation stations, in supporting people’s active behaviors.
In particular, surrounding built environments may have an important role in supporting healthy active aging. Nevertheless, little is known about how built environments may influence active lifestyles in “super-aged societies”.

• Choi, Eunyoung. “Walkability as an Urban Design Problem” Trita-ARK. Forskningspublikationer. 2012.
Abstract: The findings from this project provide insights into how we can better understand the interaction between the built environment and walking behavior in influencing each other.

• Lee, Young-Chang, and Kim, Keun-Ho. "Attitudes of Citizens towards Urban Parks and Green Spaces for Urban Sustainability:
The Case of Gyeongsan City, Republic of Korea" Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland) 7, no. 7 (2015): 8240-254
Abstract: Urban parks and green spaces support a wide array of species and play an important role in long-term sustainability. This study analyzed the needs and attitudes of citizens towards urban parks and green spaces in order to provide information for setting the future direction of urban sustainability to maximize quality of life.
A questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze the general characteristics of respondents and their awareness of parks and spaces.
First, the results indicate that the main purpose of visiting parks was relaxation and walking. Second, the type of parks visited most frequently by the respondents was pocket parks around home. Third, the main reason for going to the frequently visited parks was “close to home”. Fourth, the major reason for visiting parks infrequently was “improper park management”. Fifth, the desired types of urban parks were relaxation parks close to natural rivers. Sixth, citizens wanted to participate in the expansion projects of parks and green spaces through non-profit civic organizations or volunteer activities.

• Sherouse, Perry Maxfield Waldman. "WHERE THE SIDEWALK ENDS: Automobility and Shame in Tbilisi, Georgia"
Cultural Anthropology 33, no. 3 (2018): 444-72.
Abstract: In recent years, cars have steadily colonized the sidewalks in downtown Tbilisi.
By driving and parking on sidewalks, vehicles have reshaped public space and placed pedestrian life at risk.
A variety of social actors coordinate sidewalk affairs in the city, including the local government, a private company called CT Park, and a fleet of self-appointed st’aianshik’ebi (parking attendants) who direct drivers into parking spots for spare change. Pedestrian activists have challenged the automotive conquest of footpaths in innovative ways, including art installations, social media protests, and the fashioning of ad hoc physical barriers.
By safeguarding sidewalks against cars, activists assert ideals for public space that are predicated on sharp boundaries between sidewalk and street, pedestrian and machine, citizen, and commodity. Politicians and activists alike connect the sharpness of such boundaries to an imagined Europe.
Georgia’s parking culture thus reflects not only local configurations of power among the many interests clamoring for the space of the sidewalk, but also global hierarchies of value that form meaningful distinctions and aspirational horizons in debates over urban public space. Against the dismal frictions of an expanding car system, social actors mobilize the idioms of freedom and shame to reinterpret and repartition the public/private distinction.

• Topinka, Robert J. "Resisting the Fixity of Suburban Space: The Walker as Rhetorician" Rhetoric
Society Quarterly 42, no. 1 (2012): 65-84.
Abstract: This essay examines homogeneous, suburban commercial streets commonly found in the United States. These streets employ minutely regulated systems of order organized under the logic of automobile traffic. In a society where consumerism reigns, these streets, and the spatial order the entail contribute significantly to the ideologies of everyday life. Because these streets rely almost entirely on
driving, the walker opens a space of difference and rhetorical invention within these homogeneous spaces. Using Roxanne Mountford's notion of rhetorical space, I examine the fixity these streets. Drawing on Henri Lefebvre's theorization of abstract space, or overdetermined space that attempt to crush any agency, I consider how tactics such as walking can open permanent room for rhetorical agency in abstract spaces. By attending to a common but particular rhetorical space that figures materially in the everyday lives of American consumers, I explore the possibilities of agency in a fixed rhetorical space.

• Maciocco, Giovanni, and Tagliagambe, Silvano. “People and Space. 1. Aufl. ed. Vol. 5. Urban
and Landscape Perspectives.” Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009.
Abstract: Urban and Landscape Perspectives is a series which aims at nurturing theoretic reflection on
the city and the territory and working out and applying methods and techniques for improving our physical and social landscapes.
The main issue in the series is developed around the projectual dimension, with the objective of visualizing both the city and the territory from a particular viewpoint, which singles out the territorial dimension as the city’s space of communication and negotiation.
The series will face emerging problems that characterize the dynamics of city development, like the new, fresh relations between urban societies and physical space, the right to the city, urban equity, the project for the physical city as a means to reveal civitas, signs of new social cohesiveness, the sense of contemporary public space and the sustainability of urban development.
Concerned with advancing theories on the city, the series resolves to welcome articles that feature a pluralism of disciplinary contributions studying formal and informal practices on the project for the city and seeking conceptual and operative categories capable of understanding and facing the problems inherent in the profound transformations of contemporary urban landscapes.

• Marcus, Clare Cooper., et al. “People Places: Design Guidelines for Urban Open Space” Edited
by Clare Cooper Marcus and Carolyn A. Francis; Drawings by Su Sin Tang and Yun Flora Yeh.
Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990.
Abstract: A resurgence in the use of public space continues throughout North America and many other parts of the world. Neighborhoods have become more outspoken in their demands for appropriate park designs; corporations have witnessed the value of providing outdoor spaces for employee lunch hour use; the rising demand for childcare has prompted increased awareness of the importance of developmentally appropriate play and learning environments; and increased attention is being focused on the specific outdoor space needs for the elderly, college students, and hospital patients and staff. Now available in an updated, expanded second edition, People Places is a fully illustrated, award-winning book that offers research-based guidelines and recommendations for creating more usable and enjoyable public open spaces of all kinds. People Places analyzes and summarizes existing research on how urban open spaces are actually used, offering design professionals and students alike an easily understood, easily applied guide to creating people-friendly places. Seven types of urban open space are discussed: urban plazas, neighborhood parks, miniparks and vest-pocket parks, campus outdoor spaces, outdoor spaces in housing for the elderly, child-care outdoor spaces, and hospital outdoor spaces. People Places contains a chapter-by-chapter review of the literature, illustrative case studies, and design guidelines specific to each type of space.

• Whyte, William H. “The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces” Conservation Foundation, 1980.
Abstract: In 1980, William H. Whyte published the findings from his revolutionary Street Life Project in The
Social Life of Small Urban Spaces. Both the book and the accompanying film were instantly labeled classics and launched a mini revolution in the planning and study of public spaces.
They have since become standard texts and appear on syllabi and reading lists in urban planning, sociology,
environmental design, and architecture departments around the world.

• Matsuoka, Rodney H, and Kaplan, Rachel. "People Needs in the Urban Landscape: Analysis of
Landscape and Urban Planning Contributions" Landscape and Urban Planning 84, no. 1 (2008): 7-19.
Abstract: This review paper explores the wide spectrum of human dimensions and issues, or human needs, addressed by 90 of these studies.
As a basis for analysis, the major themes tapped by the findings were classified into two overarching groups containing three categories each. The Nature needs, directly linked with the physical features of the environmental setting, were categorized in terms of contact with nature, aesthetic preference, and recreation and play. The role of the environment is less immediate in the Human-interaction group, which includes the issues of social interaction, citizen participation in the design process, and community identity. Most significantly, the publications offer strong support for the important role nearby natural environments play in human well-being. Urban settings that provide nature contact are valuable not only in their own right, but also for meeting other needs in a manner unique to these more natural settings. In addition, although addressed in different ways, remarkable similarities exist concerning these six people requirements across diverse cultures and political systems. Urban residents worldwide express a desire for contact with nature and each other, attractive environments, places in which to recreate and play, privacy, a more active role in the design of their community, and a sense of community identity. The studies reviewed here offer continued evidence that the design of urban landscapes strongly influences the well-being and behavior of users and nearby inhabitants.

• Koohsari, Mohammad Javad., Suzanne Mavoa, Karen Villanueva, Takemi Sugiyama, Hannah
Badland, Andrew T. Kaczynski, Neville Owen, and Billie Giles-Corti. “Public open space, physical activity, urban design and public health: Concepts, methods and research agenda” Health & Place. 33(2015):75-82.
Abstract: This article discusses how public open spaces such as parks and green spaces are key built
environment elements within neighborhoods that encourage a variety of physical activity behaviors.
This paper aims to move this research agenda forward, by identifying key conceptual and methodological issues that may contribute to inconsistencies in research examining relations between public open space and physical activity.
These include measuring public open space and related physical activity, measures of proximity to public open space and more.